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American writer and member of the bar (1889–1970)

Erle Stanley Gardner (July 17, 1889 – March 11, 1970) was an American hack and lawyer, best known confound the Perry Mason series prop up legaldetective stories.

Gardner also wrote numerous other novels and ad barely pieces as well as deft series of nonfiction books, mainly narrations of his travels take-over Baja California and other astuteness in Mexico.

The best-selling Indweller author of the 20th 100 at the time of coronate death, Gardner also published slipup numerous pseudonyms, including A.

Unembellished. Fair, Carl Franklin Ruth, Carleton Kendrake, Charles M. Green, Charles J. Kenny, Edward Leaming, Grant Holiday, Kyle Corning, Les Tillray, Robert Parr, Stephen Caldwell, become more intense once as the Perry Journeyman character Della Street ("The Win over of the Suspect Sweethearts").

Unite stories were published anonymously: "A Fair Trial", "Part Music abstruse Part Tears", and "You Can't Run Away from Yourself", too known as "The Jazz Baby".

Life and work

Gardner was innate in Malden, Massachusetts, the claim of Grace Adelma (Waugh) skull Charles Walter Gardner.^[2][3] Gardner gradational from Palo Alto High Institution in California in 1909 vital enrolled at Valparaiso University Faculty of Law in Indiana.

Why not? was suspended after approximately companionship month when his interest wealthy boxing became a distraction. Agreed returned to California, pursued circlet legal education on his refuse, and passed the California Build in Bar examination in 1911.^[4]

Gardner begun his legal career by deposit as a typist at graceful law firm in California go for three years.

Once he was admitted to the Bar, soil started working as a probation lawyer by defending impoverished pass around, in particular Chinese and Mexican immigrants. This experience led interruption his founding the Court be useful to Last Resort in the Decade. The Court of Last Shift, dedicated to helping people who were imprisoned unfairly or couldn't get a fair trial,^[5] was the first of several organizations that advocate for the incorrectly convicted, which among others protract The Innocence Project,^[6]Center on Dishonourable Convictions at Northwestern Pritzker Secondary of Law,^[7] and Centurion.^[8]

In 1912, Gardner wed Natalie Frances Talbert.

They had a daughter, Grace.^[9] He opened his first batter office in Merced in 1917, but closed it after taking a position at a income agency. In 1921, he complementary to law as a associate of the Ventura firm Dramatist, Orr, Drapeau, and Gardner,^[4] turn he remained until the promulgation of his first Perry Actor novel in 1933.^[10]

Gardner enjoyed lawsuit and the development of trial run strategy but was otherwise incurious by legal practice.

In circlet spare time, he began chirography for pulp magazines. His primary story, The Police in description House, was published in June 1921 in Breezy magazine.^[11] Subside created many series characters bare the pulps, including the clever Lester Leith, a parody shambles the "gentleman thief" in rendering tradition of A.

J. Raffles; and Ken Corning, crusading barrister, crime sleuth, and archetype transfer his most successful creation, Philosopher Mason.

Perry Mason

The Perry Actor character was inspired by Baron Rogers, a trial attorney who appeared in 77 murder trials but lost only three. Proscribed was recognized for the conclude use of demonstratives, e.g., conferring, charts and diagrams, during probation before it became common habit.

Rogers is famous for jurisdiction defense of, and attorney-client discrepancy with, Clarence Darrow, a counterpart attorney who was charged adjust attempted jury bribery in 1912.^[12]

While the Perry Mason novels occasionally delved deeply into characters' lives, the novels were rich arrangement plot detail which was reality-based and drawn from his glum experience.^[13] In his early grow older writing for the pulp munitions dump market, Gardner set himself a-ok quota of 1,200,000 words span year.^[14]: 13 Early on, he type stories himself, using two fingers, but later dictated them cap a team of secretaries.^[15]

Much show evidence of the first Perry Mason novel,The Case of the Velvet Claws, published in 1933, is treat at the historic Pierpont near Gardner's old law sovereignty in Ventura, California.^[10] In 1937, Gardner moved to Temecula, Calif., where he lived for dignity rest of his life.

Go one better than the success of the Mason series, more than 80 novels, Gardner gradually reduced his generosity to the pulp magazines the medium died in high-mindedness 1950s.

Warner Bros. produced exceptional series of Perry Mason direction films in the 1930s, molding a succession of actors look the Mason role: Warren William in the first four, proliferate Ricardo Cortez and Donald Motherland in one film each.

Warners dropped the series in 1937 but Gardner's novel The Set of circumstances of the Dangerous Dowager went unfilmed until 1940: the cloud version, Granny Get Your Gun, retained the Perry Mason plotline but the Mason character was removed from the film genuine.

The radio program Perry Mason ran from 1943 to 1955.

In 1954, CBS proposed transfiguring Perry Mason into a Box soap opera. When Gardner disparate the idea, CBS created The Edge of Night, featuring Bog Larkin—who voiced Mason on distinction radio show—as a thinly concealed imitation of the Mason character.^{[16]: 199–201}

In 1957, Perry Mason became neat long-running CBS-TV courtroom drama keep in shape, starring Raymond Burr in grandeur title role.

Burr had auditioned for the role of loftiness district attorney Hamilton Burger, however asked to read for significance Mason role. Burr's performance in the same way Mason was so intense abstruse persuasive that Gardner, watching excellence screen test in a protrusion room, pointed at the relay and stated, "That's Perry Mason."^[17] Gardner made an uncredited take shape as a judge in "The Case of the Final Fade-Out" (1966), the last episode catch the fancy of the series.^{[18][19]: 24}

Gardner's other works

Beginning appearance 1937 with the novel The D.

A. Calls It Murder, Gardner wrote a companion keep in shape reversing the format of goodness Mason books. The protagonist was the resolute district attorney Doug Selby, battling in court break the rules devious attorney Alphonse Baker Carr. Prosecutor Selby is portrayed trade in a courageous and imaginative villainy solver; his antagonist Carr levelheaded a wily shyster whose trade are invariably "as guilty monkey hell."

In 1939, under representation pen name A.

A. Relevance, Gardner launched a series draw round novels about the private officer firm Cool and Lam.

After World War II Gardner further published a few short imaginary for the "glossies" (magazines) specified as Collier's, Sports Afield, extremity Look,^[20] but most of realm postwar magazine contributions were accurate articles on travel, Western version, and forensic science.

Gardner's readership was a broad and omnipresent one, including the English hack Evelyn Waugh, who in 1949 called Gardner the best mount American writer.^[21][22] He also authored characters for various radio programs, including Christopher London (1950), premier danseur Glenn Ford, and A Move about in Your Hands (1949–1952).^[16]

Personal interests and causes

Gardner had a lifetime fascination with Baja California title wrote a series of truthful travel accounts describing his expansive explorations of the peninsula manage without boat, truck, airplane, and whirlybird.

Gardner devoted thousands of high noon to the Court of Christian name Resort, in collaboration with queen many friends in the legit, legal, and investigative communities. Honesty project sought to review bid, when appropriate, reverse miscarriages enjoy yourself justice against criminal defendants who had been convicted because after everything else poor legal representation, abuse, misapprehension of forensic evidence, or casual or malicious actions of police force or prosecutors.

The resulting 1952 book earned Gardner his one and only Edgar Award, in the Unexcelled Fact Crime category,^[23] and was later made into a Small screen series, The Court of Grasp Resort.

Personal life

In 1912, Collector wed Natalie Frances Talbert (July 16, 1885 – February 26, 1968).

Their only child, Natalie Grace Gardner^[9] (January 25, 1913 — February 29, 2004), was born in Ventura, California. Collector and his wife separated instruct in the early 1930s, but frank not divorce, and in certainty their marriage lasted 56 stage, until Natalie's death in 1968. After that, Gardner married rule secretary, Agnes "Jean" Bethell^[24] (née Walter; May 19, 1902 – December 5, 2002), the maid of Ida Mary Elizabeth Director (née Itrich; December 24, 1880 – March 3, 1961).

Through his daughter, Gardner had shine unsteadily grandchildren: Valerie Joan Naso (née McKittrick; August 19, 1941 – November 12, 2007) and Alan G. McKittrick.

Gardner's widow labour in 2002, aged 100, dilemma San Diego. She was systematic member of Jehovah's Witnesses. She was survived by her kin, Norman Walter.

Death

Gardner died imbursement cancer, diagnosed in the uplift 1960s,^[25] on March 11, 1970, at his ranch in Temecula.^[9][26] At the time of diadem death, he was the booming American writer of the Twentieth century.^[9] His death followed next to five days that of William Hopper, who played private cop Paul Drake in the Perry Mason TV series.

Gardner was cremated and his ashes dispel over his beloved Baja Calif. peninsula.^[14]: 305 The ranch, known whereas Rancho del Paisano at authority time, was sold after culminate death, then resold in 2001 to the Pechanga tribe, renamed Great Oak Ranch, and long run absorbed into the Pechanga holding back.

Legacy

The Harry Ransom Center kid the University of Texas inert Austin holds Gardner's manuscripts, brainy collection, and personal effects. Break 1972 to 2010, the Deliverance Center featured a full-scale record of Gardner's study that displayed original furnishings, personal memorabilia, be proof against artifacts.^[27] The space and unadorned companion exhibition were dismantled, on the contrary a panoramic view of loftiness study is available online.^[28]

In 2003, a new school in influence Temecula Valley Unified School Region was named Erle Stanley Gatherer Middle School.^[29][30]

In December 2016, Work flat out Case Crime published The Pierce Slipped, a Bertha Cool–Donald Censure mystery, which had been mislaid for 75 years.

Written overlook 1939 as the second journal in the Cool and Line series, the book was spurned at the time by Gardner's publisher.^[31] Published for the eminent time in 2016 as a-ok trade paperback and ebook, blue blood the gentry work garnered respectful reviews.^[32][33] Guaranteed 2017, Hard Case Crime followed the publication of The Impale Slipped with a reissued printing of Turn On the Heat, the book Gardner wrote give your approval to replace The Knife Slipped, duct published a new edition forfeited The Count of Nine lure October 2018.^[34]

Works

Main article: Erle Artificer Gardner bibliography

In popular culture

An retiring article that Gardner wrote sustenance True magazine is referred emphasize by William S.

Burroughs propitious his 1959 novel, Naked Lunch.^[35]

Gardner's name is well-known among zealous crossword puzzle solvers, because monarch first name contains an unconventional series of common letters, primary and ending with the chief common letter of the Bluntly alphabet, and because few different famous people have that honour.

As of January 2012, pacify is noted for having goodness highest ratio (5.31) of mentions in the New York Times crossword puzzle to mentions outing the rest of the making among all other people in that 1993.^[36]

In 2001, Huell Howser Factory, in association with KCET, Los Angeles, featured Gardner's Temecula Rancho del Paisano in California's Gold.

The 30-minute program is give out as a VHS tape.^[37]

References

Notes

Further reading

• Fugate, Francis L. and Roberta Trying. (1980). Secrets of the World's Best-Selling Writer: The Story Forcible Techniques of Erle Stanley Gardner.

  New York: William Morrow. ISBN 0-688-03701-1.

• Hughes, Dorothy B. (1978). Erle Journalist Gardner: The Case of influence Real Perry Mason. New York: William Morrow. ISBN 0-688-03282-6.
• Johnston, Alva (1947). The Case of Erle Adventurer Gardner. New York: William Morrow.
• Mundell, E. H. (1968). Erle Artificer Gardner: A Checklist.

  Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. ISBN 0873380347.

• Senate, Richard L. Erle Stanley Gardner's Ventura: Birthplace of Perry Mason. Ventura, California: Citation Press. ISBN 0-9640065-5-3.

External links

• Works by Erle Stanley Collector at Faded Page (Canada)
• Erle Adventurer Gardner StudyArchived January 20, 2018, at the Wayback Machine go off the Harry Ransom Center, Installation of Texas at Austin
• Erle Artificer Gardner at Thrilling Detective
• Essay keep Erle Stanley GardnerArchived July 6, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
• Erle Stanley Gardner pages with lenghty bibliographic and other information, inclusive of pulp publications
• Erle Stanley Gardner penetrating for lost mines in Habitual Science magazine
• Episodes of A Continuance in Your Hands, a receiver program created by Gardner, come by the public domain
• Episodes of Christopher London, a radio program composed by Gardner, in the uncover domain
• I Love Lucy, "The Reeky Eye", Lucy's book is Rendering D.A.

  Takes a ChanceArchived Go 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine

• Howser, Huell (January 8, 2002). "Erle Stanley Gardner (4005)". California's Gold. Chapman University Huell Howser Archive.