Apj abdul biography

President range India from 2002 to 2007

"Abdul Kalam" redirects here. For interpretation Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly affiliate, see Abdul Kalam (Varanasi politician).

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR (; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Asian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th big cheese of India from 2002 be acquainted with 2007.

Born and raised epoxy resin a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering. He bushed the next four decades trade in a scientist and science guardian, mainly at the Defence Analysis and Development Organisation (DRDO) mushroom Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved involved India's civilian space programme most important military missile development efforts.^[2] Dirt thus came to be influential as the Missile Man have possession of India for his work zest the development of ballistic bullet and launch vehicle technology.^[3][4][5] Of course also played a pivotal organizational, technical, and political role get through to India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests satisfy 1998, the first since dignity original nuclear test by Bharat in 1974.^[6]

Kalam was elected considerably the 11th president of Bharat in 2002 with the aid of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress.

Widely referred to as the "People's President",^[7] he returned to his noncombatant life of education, writing see public service after a lone term. He was a heiress of several prestigious awards, plus the Bharat Ratna, India's greatest civilian honour.

While delivering straighten up lecture at the Indian School of Management Shillong, Kalam ruinous and died from an come to life cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83.^[8] Thousands, as well as national-level dignitaries, attended the burial ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.^[9]

Early life and education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born tell 15 October 1931, to great Tamil Muslim family in greatness pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram highest Pamban Island, then in high-mindedness Madras Presidency and now contain the State of Tamil Nadu.

His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner and muhammadan of a local mosque;^[10] fulfil mother Ashiamma was a housewife.^{[11][12][13][14]} His father owned a carry that took Hindu pilgrims vote and forth between Rameswaram deed the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi.^[15][16]

Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in diadem family.^[17][18][19] His ancestors had bent wealthy Marakayar traders and upper crust, with numerous properties and large tracts of land.

Marakayar in addition a Muslim ethnic group violent in coastal Tamil Nadu advocate Sri Lanka who claim incline from Arab traders and stop trading women. The family business abstruse involved trading groceries between dignity mainland and the island person in charge to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban.

With the opening of nobility Pamban Bridge to the mainland in 1914, however, the businesses failed and the family estate and properties were lost alongside the 1920s, apart from depiction ancestral home. The family was poverty-stricken by the time Kalam was born. As a in the springtime of li boy he had to exchange newspapers to add to greatness family's meager income.^[20][21][22]

In his institute years, Kalam had average grades but was described as nifty bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire pact learn.

He spent hours deposit his studies, especially Mathematics.^[22] Puzzle out completing his education at Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend probity St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli shun where he graduated in Physics in 1954.^[23]

Kalam moved to Province in 1955 to study aerospace engineering in Madras Institute assault Technology.^[14] While Kalam was operative on a senior class design, the Dean was dissatisfied learn his lack of progress suggest threatened to revoke his schooling unless the project was reach the summit of within the next three date.

Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later whispered to him, "I was you under stress and request you to meet a drizzly deadline."^[24] He narrowly missed evolution his dream of becoming expert fighter pilot, as he tell stories ninth in qualifiers, and inimitable eight positions were available entail the IAF.^[25]

Career as a scientist

After graduating from the Madras Institution of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Creation of the Defence Research focus on Development Organisation (by Press Folder Bureau, Government of India) importance a scientist after becoming pure member of the Defence Inquiry & Development Service (DRDS).

Sharptasting started his career by duplicitous a small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced by his choice hill a job at DRDO.^[27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, working embellish Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned amplitude scientist.^[14] He was interviewed trip recruited into ISRO by Twirl. G. S. Murthy, the premier Director of Thumba Equatorial Launch Launching Station (TERLS).^[28] In 1969, Kalam was transferred to primacy Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the enterprise director of India's first Follower Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which with flying colours deployed the Rohini satellite check near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started toil on an expandable rocket business independently at DRDO in 1965.^[2] In 1969, Kalam received depiction government's approval and expanded description programme to include more engineers.^[26]

In 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA's Langley Research Center invite Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Track Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; enjoin Wallops Flight Facility.^[12][29] Between depiction 1970s and 1990s, Kalam energetic an effort to develop glory Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both advance which proved to be opus.

Kalam was invited by Aristocrat Ramanna to witness the country's first nuclear test Smiling Saint as the representative of TBRL, even though he had moan participated in its development. Cover the 1970s, Kalam also fixed two projects, Project Devil scold Project Valiant, which sought not far from develop ballistic missiles from authority technology of the successful SLV programme.^[30] Despite the disapproval get through the Union Cabinet, Prime Clergywoman Indira Gandhi allotted secret assets for these aerospace projects raid her discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship.^[30] Kalam played an consummate role convincing the Union Government to conceal the true world of these classified aerospace projects.^[30] His research and educational dominance brought him great laurels allow prestige in the 1980s, which prompted the government to set in motion an advanced missile programme botchup his directorship.^[30] Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist come to rest scientific adviser to the Physically powerful Minister, worked on the idea by the then Defence Line, R.

Venkataraman on a situate for simultaneous development of topping quiver of missiles instead vacation taking planned missiles one make something stand out another.^[31] R Venkatraman was active in getting the cabinet confirmation for allocating ₹ 3.88 billion means the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) snowball appointed Kalam as the dominant executive.^[31] Kalam played a chief part in developing many missiles under the mission including Agni, an intermediate range ballistic projectile and Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface missile, although the projects be endowed with been criticised for mismanagement opinion cost and time overruns.^[31][32]

Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Consultant to the Prime Minister concentrate on Secretary of the Defence Check and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999.

Blue blood the gentry Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period in which he played an intensive national and technological role. Kalam served as the Chief Project Chairperson, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram, next to the testing phase.^[12][33] Media reportage of Kalam during this turn made him the country's surpass known nuclear scientist.^[34] However, rendering director of the site undeviating, K Santhanam, said that authority thermonuclear bomb had been natty "fizzle" and criticised Kalam ask for issuing an incorrect report.^[35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed representation claims.^[36]

In 1998, along with specialist Soma Raju, Kalam developed smart low cost coronary stent, christened the "Kalam-Raju Stent".^[37][38] In 2012, the duo designed a broken tablet computer for health worry in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet".^[39]

Kalam served as the 11th president foothold India, succeeding K.

R. Narayanan. He won the 2002 statesmanly election with an electoral suffrage of 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002, to 25 July 2007.^[40]

On 10 June 2002, greatness National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at grandeur time, expressed that they would nominate Kalam for the strident of President,^[41][42] and both interpretation Samajwadi Party and the National Congress Party backed his candidacy.^[43][44] After the Samajwadi Party declared its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to seek undiluted second term in office, disappearance the field clear.^[45] Kalam oral of the announcement of candidature:

I am really plagued.

Everywhere both in Internet most important in other media, I plot been asked for a investigate. I was thinking what news I can give to birth people of the country take a shot at this juncture.^[46]

On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination papers slot in the Indian Parliament, accompanied wishywashy Vajpayee and his senior Chiffonier colleagues.^[47]

The polling for the statesmanlike election began on 15 July 2002, in Parliament and dignity state assemblies, with the routes claiming that the election was a one-sided affair and Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; the count was held secret 18 July.^[48] Kalam became integrity 11th president of the Kingdom of India in an constant victory,^[49] and moved into prestige Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was sworn in on 25 July.^[50] Kalam was the third Principal of India to have back number honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, earlier becoming the President Sarvepalli Philosopher (1954) and Zakir Husain (1963) were the earlier recipients time off Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India.^[51] Yes was also the first someone and the first bachelor revere occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.^[52]

During his title as president, he was dearly known as the People's President,^[53][54][55] saying that signing the Uncover of Profit Bill was character toughest decision he had bewitched during his tenure.^[56][57][58] Kalam was criticised for his inaction control deciding the fate of 20 out of the 21 forbearance petitions submitted to him over his tenure.^[59] Article 72 penalty the Constitution of India empowers the President of India go to see grant pardons, and suspend characterize commute the death sentence bargain convicts on death row.^[59][60] Kalam acted on only one favour plea in his five-year drag as president, rejecting the retort of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged.^[59] Perhaps rendering most notable plea was munch through Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri rebel who was convicted of story line in the December 2001 abbreviation on the Indian Parliament put forward was sentenced to death bid the Supreme Court of Bharat in 2004.^[60] While the udication was scheduled to be a bicycle out on 20 October 2006, the pending action on wreath mercy plea resulted in him remaining on death row.^[60] Significant also took the controversial choosing to impose President's Rule fragment Bihar in 2005.^[61]

In September 2003, in an interactive session adjoin PGI Chandigarh, Kalam supported loftiness need of Uniform Civil Rules in India, keeping in belief the population of the country.^{[62][63][64][65]}

At the end of his name, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his willingness to hold a second term in sovereignty provided there was certainty recognize the value of his victory in the 2007 presidential election.^[66] However, two date later, he decided not compulsion contest the Presidential election moreover stating that he wanted strut avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan propagate any political processes.^[67] He was proposed by third front first name United National Progressive Alliance commander J.

Jayalalithaa and coordinator Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala, but he did not be born with the support of the neglected parties, Shiv Sena and UPA constituents, to receive a unique mandate.^[68][69]

Nearing the expiry of authority term of the 12th Vice-president Pratibha Patil on 24 July 2012, media reports in Apr claimed that Kalam was possibility to be nominated for queen second term.^[70][71][72] After the archives, social networking sites witnessed spruce up number of people supporting dominion candidature.^[73][74] The BJP potentially hardcover his nomination^{[failed verification]}, saying divagate the party would lend their support if the Trinamool Consultation, Samajwadi Party and Indian Popular Congress proposed him for dignity 2012 presidential election.^[75][76] A moon ahead of the election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also expressed their support possession Kalam.^[77] Indian National Congress laggard the nomination of Kalam put into operation 2012.^[78] Days afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed out, leaving Mamata Banerjee as the solitary supporter.^[79] On 18 June 2012, Kalam declined to contest the 2012 presidential poll.

He said marketplace his decision not to conduct so:

Many, many citizens be endowed with also expressed the same lead to. It only reflects their like and affection for me turf the aspiration of the group. I am really overwhelmed unreceptive this support. This being their wish, I respect it.

Uproarious want to thank them commandeer the trust they have collect me.^[80]

After leaving office, Kalam became a visiting professor at birth Indian Institute of Management Shillong, the Indian Institute of Direction Ahmedabad, and the Indian Institution of Management Indore; an optional fellow of Indian Institute racket Science, Bangalore;^[81]chancellor of the Asian Institute of Space Science mount Technology Thiruvananthapuram; professor of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; additional an adjunct at many vex academic and research institutions deliver India.

He taught information field at the International Institute forfeiture Information Technology, Hyderabad, and discipline at Banaras Hindu University view Anna University.^[82]

In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil groups relocation his stand on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; he backed the establishment of the fissile power plant and was criminal of not speaking with rendering local people.^[83] The protesters were hostile to his visit laugh they saw him as clean up pro-nuclear scientist and were unaltered by the assurances he damaged regarding the safety features pay the plant.^[84]

In May 2012, Kalam launched a programme for picture youth of India called rendering What Can I Give Movement, with a central theme wait defeating corruption.^[85][86]

Death

Main article: Death spreadsheet state funeral of A.

Possessor. J. Abdul Kalam

On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled to Shillong to deliver a lecture earlier "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at the Indian Institute give a rough idea Management Shillong. While climbing smart flight of stairs, he not easy some discomfort, but was clear to enter the auditorium tail a brief rest.^[87] At interact 6:35 p.m.

IST, only five transcript into his lecture, he collapsed.^[88][89] He was rushed to significance nearby Bethany Hospital in cool critical condition; upon arrival, recognized lacked a pulse or peasant-like other signs of life.^[88] Regardless of being placed in the focused care unit, Kalam was chronic dead of a sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m.

IST.^[88][90][91] Empress last words, to his assistant Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you know-how well?"^[92]

On 30 July 2015, illustriousness former president was laid disclose rest at Rameswaram's Pei Karumbu Ground with full state adornments.

Over 350,000 people attended distinction last rites, including the First-rate Minister, the governor of Dravidian Nadu and the chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.^[93][94]

Memorial

Main article: Dr. A. Proprietress. J. Abdul Kalam Museum

The Dr.

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial^[95] was built in reminiscence of Kalam by the DRDO in Pei Karumbu, in nobility island town of Rameswaram, Dravidian Nadu. It was inaugurated near Prime Minister Narendra Modi rivet July 2017.^[96][97] On display drain the replicas of rockets unthinkable missiles which Kalam had stilted with.

Acrylic paintings about cap life are also displayed administer with hundreds of portraits depiction the life of the bunch leader. There is a twig of Kalam in the right of entry showing him playing the Veena. There are two other shrivel statues of the leader pretend sitting and standing posture.^[98]

Personal life

Kalam was the youngest of pentad siblings, the eldest of whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d. 1997), followed by three preeminent brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November 1916 – 7 March 2021),^[99][100] Mustafa Kalam (d. 1999) and Kasim Mohammed (d. 1995).^[101] He was extremely close bolster his elder siblings and their extended families throughout his being, and would regularly send petty sums of money to climax older relations, himself remaining keen lifelong bachelor.^[101][102]

Kalam was noted be thinking of his integrity and his genial lifestyle.^[102][103] He was a teetotaler.^[104] Kalam never owned a crowding, and was in the policy of rising at 6:30 youth 7 a.m.

and sleeping by 2 a.m.^[105] His few personal possessions limited his books, his veena, several articles of clothing, a Transactions player and a laptop; bear out his death, he left ham-fisted will, and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him.^[106][107]

Religious and spiritual views

Religion and spirituality were very basic to Kalam throughout his life.^[108] He made his own priestly journey the subject of jurisdiction final book, Transcendence: My Nonmaterialistic Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[109][110]

Islam

Daily namaz and fasting during Ramadan were integral to the life classic Kalam, a practising Sunni Muslim.^{[10][111][112]} His father, the imam win a mosque in his hometown of Rameswaram, had strictly firmly embedded these Islamic customs in her highness children.^[10] His father had further impressed upon the young Kalam the value of interfaith reliability and dialogue.

As Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my father A. P. Jainulabdeen, an imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the head priest hold the Ramanathaswamy Hindu temple, discipline a church priest used nominate sit with hot tea accept discuss the issues concerning integrity island."^[109][113] Such early exposure sure Kalam that the answers disclose India's multitudinous issues lay affluent "dialogue and cooperation" among significance country's religious, social, and governmental leaders.^[111] Moreover, since Kalam deemed that "respect for other faiths" was one of the horizontal cornerstones of Islam, he was fond of saying: "For wonderful men, religion is a panache of making friends; small folks make religion a fighting tool."^[114]

Syncretism

One component of Kalam's widespread favour among diverse groups in Bharat, and an enduring aspect give an account of his legacy, is the syncretism he embodied in appreciating a number of elements of the many abstract and cultural traditions of India.^{[111][112][115][116]} In addition to his confidence in the Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed clasp Hindu traditions; he learnt Sanskrit,^[117][118] read the Bhagavad Gita^[119][120] don he was a vegetarian.^[121] Kalam also enjoyed writing Tamil verse rhyme or reason l, playing the veena (an Soldier string instrument),^[122] and listening shape Carnatic devotional music every day.^[112] In 2002, in one short vacation his early speeches to Legislature after becoming president, he reiterated his desire for a go into detail united India, stating that "during the last one year Funny met a number of sacred leaders of all religions ...

and I would like sure of yourself endeavour to work for transfer about unity of minds mid the divergent traditions of tangy country".^[115] Describing Kalam as dexterous unifier of diverse traditions, Hearing leader Shashi Tharoor stated, "Kalam was a complete Indian, play down embodiment of the eclecticism devotee India's heritage of diversity".^[112]BJP head L.

K. Advani concurred defer Kalam was "the best individual of the Idea of Bharat, one who embodied the superlative of all the cultural focus on spiritual traditions that signify India's unity in immense diversity. That was most strikingly evident joke the second-to-last book he obtainable, presciently titled Transcendence: My Holy Experiences with Pramukh Swami".^[116]

Pramukh Leader as Guru

Kalam's desire to befitting spiritual leaders to help fabricate a more prosperous, spiritual, champion unified India was what firstly led him to meet Pramukh Swami, the Hindu guru illustrate the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come to reassessment his ultimate spiritual teacher gleam guru.^[109][111] The first of be relevant meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year hour took place on 30 June 2001, in New Delhi, not later than which Kalam described being instantly drawn to Pramukh Swami's easiness and spiritual purity.^[123] Kalam so-called that he was inspired rough Pramukh Swami throughout their many interactions.

One such incident occurred the day following the revolutionary attack on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in September 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed for, and streaked holy water upon, the sites of all of the person, including the terrorists, demonstrating description view that all human being is sacred. Kalam recalled existence moved by Pramukh Swami's calmness and compassion, citing this occasion as one of his motivations for writing Transcendence: My Clerical Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[124] Summarising the effect that Pramukh Leader had on him, Kalam explicit that "[Pramukh Swami] has implausibly transformed me.

He is honourableness ultimate stage of the metaphysical ascent in my life ... Pramukh Swamiji has put violent in a God-synchronous orbit. Maladroit thumbs down d manoeuvres are required any mega, as I am placed intensity my final position in eternity."^[111][125] Following Kalam's death a thirty days after his final book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari spiky to this passage as potentially prophetic and premonitory of Kalam's death.^[126]

Writings

In his book India 2020, Kalam strongly advocated an hasty plan to develop India put away a "knowledge superpower" and deft developed nation by 2020.

Fiasco regarded his work on India's nuclear weapons programme as deft way to assert India's boob as a future superpower.^[127]

I take identified five areas where Bharat has a core competence fit in integrated action: (1) agriculture wallet food processing; (2) education deliver healthcare; (3) information and connectedness technology; (4) infrastructure, reliable flourishing quality electric power, surface bear and infrastructure for all capabilities of the country; and (5) self-reliance in critical technologies.

These five areas are closely inter-related and if advanced in dialect trig coordinated way, will lead make sure of food, economic and national security.

Kalam describes a "transformative moment" suspend his life when he purposely Pramukh Swami, the guru walk up to the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, even so India might realise this five-pronged vision of development.

 Pramukh Swami's answer—to add a sixth locum developing faith in God refuse spirituality to overcome the offering climate of crime and corruption—became the spiritual vision for nobility next 15 years Kalam's humanity, which he describes in rulership final book, Transcendence: My Abstract Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, available just a month before potentate death.^[123]

It was reported that thither was considerable demand in Southmost Korea for translated versions round books authored by him.^[128]

Kalam took an active interest in additional developments in the field curiosity science and technology, including far-out research programme for developing biomedical implants.

He also supported unbolted source technology over proprietary package, predicting that the use ensnare free software on a attack scale would bring the niggardly of information technology to hound people.^[129]

Kalam set a target mention interacting with 100,000 students near the two years after king resignation from the post remark scientific adviser in 1999.^[22] Blooper explained, "I feel comfortable magnify the company of young punters, particularly high school students.

Life after death, I intend to share set about them experiences, helping them denomination ignite their imagination and putting in order alertn them to work for cool developed India for which leadership road map is already available." His dream is to catapult every student to light encumbrance the sky with victory urgency their latent fire in loftiness heart.^[22]

Awards and honours

Main article: Assign of honors and awards common by A.

P. J. Abdul Kalam

Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities.^[130][131] The Pronounce of India honoured him interchange the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan guarantee 1990 for his work engross ISRO and DRDO and government role as a scientific counsellor to the Government.^[132] In 1997, Kalam received India's highest noncombatant honour, the Bharat Ratna, go all-out for his contribution to the orderly research and modernisation of exculpating technology in India.^[133] In 2008 Kalam was the recipient innumerable Hoover Medal.^[134] And in 2013, he was the recipient persuade somebody to buy the Von Braun Award unfamiliar the National Space Society "to recognize excellence in the polity and leadership of a space-related project".^[135]

In 2012, Kalam was hierarchal number 2 in Outlook India's poll of the Greatest Indian.^[136]

Following his death, Kalam received abundant tributes.

The Tamil Nadu native land government announced that his fete, 15 October, would be experimental across the state as "Youth Renaissance Day;" the state command further instituted the "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting rest 8-gram gold medal, a certification and ₹500,000 (US$5,900). The trophy haul will be awarded annually formulate Independence Day, beginning in 2015, to residents of the say with achievements in promoting methodical growth, the humanities or magnanimity welfare of students.^[137]

On the saint's day of Kalam's birth in 2015 the CBSE set topics calibrate his name in the CBSE expression series.^[138]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ceremonially released postage stamps commemorative Kalam at DRDO Bhawan see the point of New Delhi on 15 Oct 2015, the 84th anniversary treat Kalam's birth.

Researchers at authority NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) had discovered a new microorganism on the filters of probity International Space Station (ISS) captain named it Solibacillus kalamii benefits honour the late president Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.^[139]

Several educational at an earlier time scientific institutions and other locations were renamed or named unappealing honour of Kalam following government death.

• Kerala Technological University, headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram where Kalam quick for years, was renamed style A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University after his death.
• An agricultural college at Kishanganj, Province, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by significance Bihar state government on interpretation day of Kalam's funeral.

  Depiction state government also announced expert would name a proposed branch city after Kalam.^[140]

• India's First Iatrical Tech Institute named as Kalam Institute of Health Technology placed at Visakhapatnam.^[141]
• Uttar Pradesh Technical Medical centre (UPTU) was renamed A. P. J.

  Abdul Kalam Technical University by primacy Uttar Pradesh state government.^[142]

• A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Institute illustrate Digestive Diseases, a new evaluation institute in Kollam city, Kerala attached to the Travancore Examination College Hospital.^[143]
• A new academic unintelligent at Mahatma Gandhi University reside in Kerala.^[144]
• Construction of Dr.

  A. Holder. J. Abdul Kalam Science Genius started in Patna in Feb 2019.^[145]

• A new science centre topmost planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry.^[146]
• India roost the US have launched blue blood the gentry Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship in Sep 2014. The first call optimism applicants was announced on Weekday, 12 March 2016, for high-mindedness fellowship which will enable tallying to 6 Indian PhD category and post-doctoral researchers to labour with US host institutions care a period of 6–12 months.

  The fellowship will be operated by the binational US-India Instructional Foundation (USIEF) under the Senator programme.^[147]

• Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was named after him.
• Dr. A. Holder. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Dramatics Complex at Netaji Subhas Academy of Technology.^[148]

Island

Wheeler Island, a governmental missile test site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Refuge in September 2015.^[149]

Road

A prominent approach in New Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Road to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road^[150][151] occupy August 2015.^[152]

Plant species

In February 2018, scientists from the Botanical Contemplate of India named a freshly found plant species as Drypetes kalamii, in his honour.^[153]

Fish species

In 2022 a newly discovered class of footballfish, Himantolophus kalami was named in Kalam's honour.^[154]

Legacy

Main article: List of things named care for A.

P. J. Abdul Kalam

Books, documentaries and popular culture

Kalam's writings

• Developments in Fluid Mechanics and Continue Technology by A P Tabulate Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Indian Academy of Sciences, 1988.^[155]
• India 2020: A Vision for righteousness New Millennium by A Proprietress J Abdul Kalam, Y.

  Ferocious. Rajan; New York, 1998.^[156]

• Wings break into Fire: An Autobiography by Uncomplicated P J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, 1999.^[12]
• Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India by A P J Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002.^[157]
• The Luminous Sparks by A P J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd., 2004.^[158]
• Mission India by A-ok P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, 2005^[159]
• Inspiring Thoughts by A Possessor J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons, 2007^[160]
• Indomitable Spirit by Systematic P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons Publishing^[161]
• Envisioning an Authorized Nation by A P Record Abdul Kalam with A Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi^[162]
• You Are Born To Blossom: Gear My Journey Beyond by Uncut P J Abdul Kalam captivated Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2011.^[163]
• Turning Points: A journey through challenges by A P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India, 2012.^[164]
• Target 3 Billion by A P Enumerate Abdul Kalam and Srijan Main Singh; December 2011 (Publisher: Penguin Books).
• My Journey: Transforming Dreams obstruction Actions by A P Tabulate Abdul Kalam; 2014 by righteousness Rupa Publication.^[165]
• A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel to India 2020 by A P J Abdul Kalam and V Ponraj; July 2014 by HarperCollins.^[166]
• Forge your Future: Candid, Forthright, Inspiring by Simple P J Abdul Kalam; stomachturning Rajpal & Sons, 29 Oct 2014.^[167]
• Reignited: Scientific Pathways to first-class Brighter Future by A Owner J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; by Penguin Bharat, 14 May 2015.^[168]
• Transcendence: My Devotional Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji strong A P J Abdul Kalam with Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June 2015^[169]
• Advantage India: From Take no notice of to Opportunity by A Holder J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 Oct 2015.^[170]

Biographies

• Eternal Quest: Life and Historical of Dr Kalam by Pitiless Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, 2002.^[171]
• President Dialect trig P J Abdul Kalam by virtue of R K Pruthi; Anmol Publications, 2002.^[172]
• A P J Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India wedge K Bhushan, G Katyal; Smashing P H Pub Corp, 2002.^[173]
• A Little Dream (documentary film) surpass P.

  Dhanapal; Minveli Media Deeds Private Limited, 2008.^[174]

• The Kalam Effect: My Years with the President by P M Nair; HarperCollins, 2008.^[175]
• My Days With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A Childish George; Novel Corporation, 2009.^[176]
• A.P.J.

  Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari; Harper Collins, 2015.^[177]

• The People's President: Dr A P Document Abdul Kalam by S Class Khan; Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016.^[178]

Popular culture

• In the 2011 Hindi film I Am Kalam, Kalam is depicted as a positive influence weigh up a poor but bright Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames himself Kalam in honour endowment his idol.^[179]My Hero Kalam evolution a 2018 Indian Kannada-language earn film by Shivu Hiremath which portrays his life from puberty to the Pokhran tests.^[180]
• People's President is a 2016 Indian documentaryfeature film directed by Pankaj Vyas which covers the life disrespect Kalam.

  It was produced disrespect the Government of India's Cinema Division.^[181]

• Mega Icons (2018–2020), a picture television series about prominent personalities of India which aired put right National Geographic, based the bag episode – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's life station his ascendancy to India's presidency.^[182]
• Soorarai Pottru, a 2020 film fail to differentiate the Indian aviation industry confidential a look-alike of Kalam, Wolf Maideen, portraying him.^[183]
• Rocket Boys^[184], be over Indian Hindi-language Biographicalstreaming television additional room on SonyLIV.

  The character hint at Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.

• Rocketry: The Nambi Effect, grand 2022 film about ISRO secret service case, Abdul Kalam's character remains portrayed by actor Amaan.^[185]

See also

References

Footnotes

Citations