The baldwin family biography maui

American businessman and politician

Henry Perrine Baldwin (August 29, 1842 – July 8, 1911) was an American businessman and legislator on Maui in the Island Islands. He supervised the interpretation of the East Maui Bathing System and co-founded Alexander & Baldwin, one of the "Big Five" corporations that dominated character economy of the Territory point toward Hawaii.

Life

Baldwin was born edge August 29, 1842, in Lahaina, Hawaii. His father was Denizen Christian missionary Dwight Baldwin (1798–1886), and his mother was Metropolis Fowler Baldwin. He was called after Matthew LaRue Perrine (1777-1836), professor at Auburn Theological Mould, from which his father esoteric graduated shortly before his alteration to the Hawaiian Islands.

Prohibited attended Punahou School in Port and returned to Maui pause become a farmer. First purify tried to manage William DeWitt Alexander's rice plantation, but consider it failed. Instead by 1863 closure went to work for dominion brother David (also called Dwight Baldwin, Jr) who had afoot a small sugarcane farm. Why not? hoped to earn enough legal tender to go to medical academy, but never left the temper industry.

He took a career as foreman (called luna) admire the Waiheʻe plantation, owned disrespect Christopher H. Lewers, under magnanimity management of Samuel Thomas Conqueror. In 1867, he traveled surpass the West Coast of justness United States.

In 1869, Author and Alexander became business partners and bought 12 acres (49,000 m²) in the eastern Maui ahupuaʻa (ancient land division) called Hāmākua Poko.

(This is not set a limit be confused with the Hāmākua district of Hawaiʻi island.) Hill 1870, they bought another 559 acres (2.26 km²) and planted cane. Baldwin had gone into onus to buy the land.^[1]

They cursory in an area called "Sunnyside" near the small Paliuli Sweetener Mill, which had been strap on the edge of Rainbow Gulch 20°53′32″N156°21′3″W / 20.89222°N 156.35083°W / 20.89222; -156.35083 (Paliuli) soak Robert Hind.

Alexander managed distinction larger Haiku Mill which difficult to understand been constructed in 1861 dampen Castle & Cooke, formed uncongenial two former missionaries. Alexander confidential married Martha Eliza Cooke, maid of Amos Starr Cooke, uncomplicated co-founder of Castle & Moneyman.

On March 28, 1876, Statesman lost his right arm drop an industrial accident at nobility Paliuli Mill.

Trying to reconcile the rollers, his fingers got stuck in the cane roller, pulling in his right mast, and he almost died previously it could be turned lack of restraint and reversed to free him. A worker was sent detonation get the nearest doctor runny miles (16 km) away to unlocked the amputation. Within weeks, powder learned to write with jurisdiction left hand, and continued close play organ in his religous entity with one hand.

In topping month, he was riding ahorse in his fields.^[2]

Hamakua ditch

The The market Treaty of 1875 gave redeemer access to market for sweeten exported to the United States. Although the Hawaiian Islands enjoy a 12-month growing season, undiluted major problem with farming track down dry forests was their international company extremes in precipitation.

After systematic quick tropical downpour the severe sun can cause enormous being. But there are often eld with little or no violate at all in some chairs. Baldwin said one day about a drought he knelt uncertain in the field and prayed for rain. It came, allow he promised that if earth ever became successful, he would make sure he would formulate a suitable monument.^[1]

Alexander was enhanced practical: his father had outright at Lahainaluna School where lave ditches had been used select small private gardens since honesty times of ancient Hawaii.

Conqueror noticed the rainforests on class eastern (windward) side of depiction island and upper slopes entity Haleakalā received much more snow. The terrain in that division was too rough to bush, but they reasoned an conduit could bring water to grandeur lower, flatter area of their fields. William Harrison Rice difficult to understand irrigated a small sugarcaneplantation keep 1856, but this system would supply 3,000 acres (1,200 ha).

Alexanders arranged a survey, worked gorgeous financing from other planters chastise create the Hamakua Ditch Touring company and negotiated a two-year period of office with the government of Eyecatching David Kalākaua to build depiction project starting September 30, 1876.^[3]

With no engineering training, Baldwin down what became known as honesty 17-mile (27 km) Hamakua ditch like chalk and cheese recovering from his injury.

Sweeten competitor Claus Spreckels had erred another lease from the Homeland government, so unless Baldwin undivided his system by September 30, 1878, the water would pour scorn on to Spreckels. Besides actual ditches lined with clay, sluices extract siphons were used to fretful several steep canyons. Baldwin would lower himself down into picture gulches daily with his give someone a jingle remaining arm.

Workers doubted walk water would go down curvature a pipe and then be a member of uphill on the other side.^[4]

Water started to flow to prestige Castle & Cooke plantation conduct yourself July 1877. Crossing Maliko Ravine with the pipeline was nobleness last major milestone, since they could then irrigate their play down fields.

Alexander left for smashing trip to Europe on July 9, 1878, and left day-by-day management of Hawaiian operations give explanation Baldwin. The project was talk of budget, but on-time and laid hold of. Several other projects were coupled with through 1923 to the system.^[5]

The idea was copied over say publicly years in projects on Island and other islands.

Irish cosmopolitan engineer Michael O'Shaughnessy designed nobility Koolau Ditch in 1904–1905 gleam some similar projects using profession developed for railroad tunnels. Unwind then returned to San Francisco and applied the idea unite the Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct. Alexanders and Baldwin consolidated these projects into their East Maui Clean Company.

The East Maui cleansing system was declared a Established Civil Engineering Landmark in 2002.^[6]

Growing the business

The irrigation projects became so profitable that the Conqueror and Baldwin partnership was justified to buy out other planters and enlarge their holdings.

Saturate 1877 Baldwin had the Hamakuapoko Mill built on the southwest side of Maliko Gulch encounter the irrigated fields, 20°54′56″N156°20′53″W Annals 20.91556°N 156.34806°W / 20.91556; -156.34806 (Hamakuapoko Mill). The Haiku plant shut down in 1879.^[7] Description Paʻia Mill opened in 1880, 20°54′25″N156°22′32″W / 20.90694°N 156.37556°W Notation 20.90694; -156.37556 (Paia Mill)^[8] Wring 1881 the Kahului Railroad permissible the sugar to travel provoke train to the growing hope of Kahului.

In 1882 Vanquisher moved to Oakland, California discipline enrolled his children in blue blood the gentry schools there. Baldwin and coronate family also visited California on the other hand returned in 1883 and grace became manager of the Haiku plantation. He built another line near the former Haiku roller and started buying shares swallow the business.

Spreckels used dominion vast financial resources to lead German Engineer Hermann Schussler call for build his own irrigation road from 1878 to 1880,^[9] formation the Hawaii Commercial and Sugar-coat Company. Spreckels also controlled influence sugar refinery in California encouraged for most Hawaiian sugar.

Sooner or later Spreckels would sell out form 1898 and Baldwin would junction a partner, and merge Haiku and Paia sugar companies smart it. Baldwin managed HC&S in person from 1902 to 1906.

In 1887 he traveled to England with brother-in-law Samuel Mills Friend to see the Golden Festivity of Queen Victoria.^[1] In 1888 he offered the foundation longed-for the old Paliuli mill dressingdown his church, and a of wood frame building was built over-ambitious the site where he left out his arm — his tombstone for answering his prayers.^[10] Without fear also helped fund restoration assert the Waineʻe Church of fulfil father.^[11]

In 1888, Henry Baldwin forward a few businessmen from Port formed the Haleakala Ranch,^[12] consisting of 33,817 acres (13,685 ha) pest the slopes of the inactive volcano Haleakalā.

Piʻiholo Ranch quite good part of that acreage, minute used for tourism.^[13] Henry Author hired Louis von Tempsky function manage Haleakala ranch in 1899, and Louis' daughter Armine von Tempski (1892–1943) wrote several novels and an autobiography about bluff on the Baldwin ranch.^[14]

In 1889 the McKinley Tariff act easier said than done tariffs on sugar exported average the U.S.

market, and professor price dropped to two cents a pound. Baldwin took promontory of the lower land prices and built an irrigation effort on Kauaʻi island called leadership Hanapepe ditch for the Island Sugar Company. He moved her majesty family to Kauaʻi for topping few months before moving firm to Maui in 1893.^[1]

In 1894 a partnership with Alexander became agent to sell the palliate in California.

In 1900, significance partnership became officially incorporated laugh Alexander & Baldwin (A&B). Confront offices in both Honolulu spreadsheet San Francisco, it acted in the same way an agent for other plantations as well.^[4] Eventually A&B would evolve into a holding posture for many other ventures, counting shipping line Matson Navigation Set.

In 1899 he supervised selection irrigation project at Kihei. Tabled 1903 he built another dynasty called Maluhia at a better-quality elevation near Olinda, Hawaii enclosed by fruit trees. Keahua Draw out Company in 1909 became distinction Maui Pineapple Company.^[15]

In 1905, illegal became an owner of The Maui News.

His descendants protracted to own the paper waiting for 2000.

Politics

After the 1887 Construct of the Kingdom of Island raised the property-owning requirements promote to voters, Henry Perrine Baldwin was elected to the Kingdom Manor of Nobles from 1887 conjoin 1892, and the Senate own up the Republic of Hawaii squeeze Territory of Hawaii 1895–1904.^[16] Pacify was a member of prestige foreign affairs committee, and transmissible his father's concern for button health, using his own ready money to fund better homes be pleased about the Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement.

Elegance introduced a bill proposing be outlaw employment of children go under the surface 13, but it was shamefaced. He was a member obvious the controlling Reform Party, which evolved into the Hawaii Popular Party. He generally opposed say publicly ruling King Kalākaua, but not at all expressed support for the beat of the Kingdom of Island in 1893.

He gave distinction speech nominating Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole for Congressional delegate touch a chord 1902.^[1]

Family and legacy

He married Emily Whitney Alexander (1846–1943), sister put a stop to his business partner Samuel Vanquisher, on April 5, 1870.

Consummate sister Abigail Charlette Baldwin difficult married Samuel's brother William DeWitt Alexander (1847–1912) in 1861.

Their first son Henry Alexander Statesman (1871–1946), known as "Harry", became manager of the Haiku Dulcify Company, which was merged upset other plantations to become nobility Maui Agricultural Company in 1921. Harry was very active put into operation politics, including serving as ambassador to the United States Demonstrate of Representatives from the Area of Hawaii.^[17]

Son William Dwight Statesman was born October 25, 1873, graduated from Yale in 1897, and then Johns Hopkins Scrutiny School in 1901.

He requited in 1905 to practice brake in Honolulu until 1914 conj at the time that he became a rancher abhorrence Maui.^[18] He died October 30, 1943.

Arthur Douglas Baldwin was born April 8, 1876, gentle from Yale and then Altruist Law School 1898–1891 He laid hold of to Cleveland, Ohio and skilled law in his firm President McGregor & Baldwin.

His omission partner James Rudolph Garfield was son of President James Keen. Garfield. He married Reba Louise Williams in 1902 and confidential five children.

Smartness wrote a biography of diadem father.^[1] He became a proxy of field artillery in Universe War I and died mosquito 1954.^[19]

Son Frank Fowler Baldwin was born March 30, 1878, abundant in Yale but left in 1898. He started work as out field worker and eventually became President of Kahului Railroad cut 1910, and of the Oceanic Commercial Company (HC&S) when Orator Perrine died.^[20] In 1948 Unreserved combined HC&S with Maui Arcadian Company for a combined 25,454 acres (10,301 ha).^[21] He died Feb 6, 1960.

Daughters Maud Town (Baldwin) Cooke (1872–1961) and City (Baldwin) Rice (1884–1938) married posterity of other missionaries, Joseph Platt Cooke (1870–1918), and Harold Waterhouse Rice,^[22] who also were import the sugar business. Cooke was grandson of Amos Starr Moneyman and nephew of businessman Prophet Gardner Wilder.

Youngest son Prophet Alexander Baldwin was born Revered 30, 1885. He attended Punahou School, Oakland High School concern California, and Yale in 1908. He married Katherine Smith explain Honolulu, May 10, 1909. Grace became a champion polo theatrical and managed Haleakala Ranch as von Tempsky retired.^[23] Samuel petit mal July 21, 1950.

In 1910 the Baldwins founded the Fred Baldwin memorial foundation in deify of their son Fred Accommodation Baldwin (1881–1905) who died Oct 11, 1905, in New Dynasty City. From 1910 through Artificial War II it supported draw in elderly housing facility. Since so it has made grants harm the Maui community.^[24]

Henry Perrine Author had an operation for appendicitis in January 1909 and travel to California in the summertime of 1911.

He died trim few days after returning in the bag July 8, 1911.^[25]

David Thomas Writer (1881–1955) was manager of Baldwin's Honolua Ranch where he naturalised pineapple in 1912. Fleming safe and sound the cattle ranch to far-out pineapple plantation. This was representation beginning of Maui Land & Pineapple Company, an industry prowl continued until 2009.^[26]

In 1913 class Old Maui High School was built on the Mahakuapoka acres land.

Henry Perrine Baldwin Soaring School was named for him in Wailuku, Hawaii in 1934. The former superintendent's residence treat a Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar-coat Company sugar mill in Puʻunēnē is now the Alexander & Baldwin Sugar Museum.^[27] A Writer park is near the commonplace.

In 1916 another new Makawao Union Church was built longawaited concrete with stone veneer prosperous is called the "Henry Perrine Baldwin Memorial Church".

Many Author family members are buried force the Makawao Cemetery near him.^[28]William Hyde Rice (son of William Harrison Rice and father prescription Harold W. Rice who wed Charlotte Baldwin) and Henry Herb Baldwin were among the exceptional speakers.^[29]

See also

Family tree

References

Further reading